Summary
What the comuna hasSource: OpenStreetMap
Portezuelo es una comuna de la zona central de Chile perteneciente a la provincia de Itata de la Región de Ñuble;
Liveability index · EIU style
38.3 /100AuthoritiesWho leads the comuna, its council, sessions and lobbying requests
Mayor · 2024-2028Source: DecideChile · SERVEL
Mayoral history · 8 terms
SERVEL · TRICEL (1992-2008) · DecideChile (2024) · Wikidata (pre-1992)
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Sesiones
En una línea: Sesión cargada de acuerdos: se aprobaron modificación de ordenanza para cobros del gabinete psicotécnico, modificaciones presupuestarias, bases de concurso para director del DESAM, el plan anual de educación municipal y la firma de contrato para proyecto habitacional de 76 familias.
Temas tratados
- Acta sesión anterior: Aprobación del acta de la sesión ordinaria N°49.
- Correspondencia: Solicitud de insumos desechables de agrupación de discapacidad "Renacer en la Esperanza" para torneo de bochas; solicitud de vehículo municipal para participar en Feria FISA (Santiago) en representación del Valle Itata (vinos y enoturismo).
- Cuenta del alcalde: Resumen de actividades de la semana: inauguración proyecto APR Panguilemu, reunión con SEREMI de Educación para enseñanza media en escuela rural, capacitación a dirigentes vecinales, entrega de incubadoras y molino a productoras de huevos.
- Ordenanza de tránsito: Incorporación de tarifas para trámites del gabinete psicotécnico de licencias de conducir.
- Modificaciones presupuestarias: N°19 (Administración y Finanzas) y N°20 (DIDECO/Fomento Productivo).
- Proyecto habitacional: Autorización para firmar contrato con constructora seleccionada (segundo llamado a licitación), que beneficia a 76 familias en cuatro comités.
- Bases de concurso DESAM: Aprobación de bases para concurso del cargo de director/a del Departamento de Salud Municipal, más elección del concejal integrante de la comisión evaluadora.
- Plan Anual de Educación Municipal (PADEM) 2023: Aprobación del instrumento, con nota sobre ajuste presupuestario municipal requerido (aporte sube de ~175 a ~197 millones; cifras aproximadas según transcripción).
- Reconocimiento a cantora popular: Acuerdo para homenajear a Nolfa Marín Varela en el acto de aniversario comunal del 20 de noviembre.
- Transacción extrajudicial: Tema tratado en sesión secreta (sin registro público).
- Cambio de fecha de próxima sesión: Se traslada del 21 al 28 de noviembre.
Acuerdos y votaciones
- Acta N°49: Aprobada por unanimidad.
- Insumos para torneo de bochas: Concejales acuerdan costear colectivamente los materiales solicitados (sin votación formal registrada).
- Modificación de ordenanza de derechos municipales (tarifas gabinete psicotécnico): Aprobada por unanimidad (6 votos).
- Modificación presupuestaria N°19: Aprobada por unanimidad.
- Modificación presupuestaria N°20: Aprobada (no queda registro explícito de la votación, pero no hubo objeciones).
- Contrato proyecto habitacional (76 familias): Aprobado por unanimidad.
- Bases concurso director/a DESAM: Aprobadas por unanimidad, con indicaciones de forma y fondo del concejal Sepúlveda (redacción, orden de entrevistas, psicólogo externo).
- Concejal integrante de comisión DESAM: Concejal Sepúlveda electo por unanimidad, a propuesta de la concejala Zamudio.
- PADEM 2023: Aprobado por unanimidad.
- Reconocimiento a Nolfa Marín Varela: Aprobado por unanimidad.
- Próxima sesión el 28 de noviembre: Aprobado por unanimidad.
Plata y obras
- Proyecto APR Panguilemu: Financiado por el Fondo Regional de Inversión Local (FRIL) del Gobierno Regional; incluye nuevo pozo, estanque de acero inoxidable de 15.000 litros, 10 nuevos arranques y un filtro aportado por el municipio. Beneficia a 26 familias ya conectadas más 10 nuevas.
- Proyecto habitacional (SERVIU): Cuatro comités, 76 familias beneficiadas; adjudicado a Constructora Paulo Molina García y Cía. Ltda. en segundo llamado.
- Modificación presupuestaria N°20: Reasignación interna en DIDECO/Fomento Productivo para contrataciones y actividades de fin de año (montos no especificados).
- PADEM 2023: El aporte municipal sube aproximadamente de 175 a 197 millones de pesos para cubrir instalación de impactor general en el liceo (~1,5–1,6 millones mensuales adicionales; cifras con posibles errores de transcripción).
- Tarifas gabinete psicotécnico: Se incorporan a la ordenanza valores comparables a municipios vecinos (Ñiquén, Trehuaco, Coelemu, Chillán, Quillón); incluyen fotografía en el trámite. Montos exactos no legibles en la transcripción.
Puntos de debate o controversia
- Bases concurso DESAM: El concejal Sepúlveda planteó varias correcciones (semántica del artículo 33 de la ley, orden de etapas del concurso, usar psicólogo externo al municipio). Todas acogidas antes de la votación.
- Reconocimientos comunales: Debate sobre el proceso y los plazos para homenajear a vecinos destacados. El concejal Ramírez propuso reconocer también a tres dirigentes históricos y a pastores de la iglesia metodista pentecostal. El alcalde y otros concejales coincidieron en que los tiempos no daban para el 20 de noviembre; quedó pendiente construir un protocolo para años siguientes. El concejal Ibáñez planteó que estos reconocimientos deberían tramitarse con mayor antelación y discreción, lo que generó un intercambio tenso con el concejal Ramírez.
- Denuncia de apoderada del Liceo Municipal: El concejal Sepúlveda informó que una apoderada denunció ante la Superintendencia de Educación y en Carabineros hechos que afectarían a su hija en el establecimiento. Recordó la responsabilidad legal del sostenedor en el resguardo de estudiantes. El tema se derivó a la comisión de educación, que pedirá informe previo al DAEM.
- Vínculo con FISA y equidad en apoyos: El concejal Ramírez señaló que otra productora del valle (Viña Elquilaje, señora Gladys Ponce) también quedó seleccionada para FISA de forma independiente, pagando más de 500 mil pesos por su stand, y solicitó que también se le brinde apoyo municipal. El alcalde indicó que si ella se contacta, recibirá el mismo apoyo.
Para seguir
- Gabinete psicotécnico: Pendiente la resolución formal de la SEREMI de Transportes para iniciar operaciones.
- Concurso director/a DESAM: Proceso abierto con plazo de postulación hasta el 26 de diciembre de 2022; comisión evaluadora a integrarse con concejal Sepúlveda, director del DESAM y un ministro de fe de la SEREMI de Salud.
- Escuela Lo Más de Chudal (enseñanza media): Se espera resolver observaciones técnicas con la SEREMI de Educación para iniciar un primero medio en marzo 2023.
- Reglamento asistentes de la educación: En elaboración; el alcalde advirtió que tiene implicancias presupuestarias importantes.
- Reconocimientos comunales futuros: Quedó pendiente definir un protocolo formal para años 2023 y 2024.
- Informe PRODESAL sector Yahuén: El concejal Ramírez solicitó un informe sobre la cobertura del técnico de PRODESAL en esa zona, donde productores afectados por heladas habrían recibido escasa atención.
- Denuncia en el Liceo Municipal: Comisión de educación se reunirá con informe previo del DAEM.
- Solicitudes de la Junta de Vecinos de Cuchojolla (contenedores, garita, señalética, alumbrado público): La concejala Zamudio pidió tramitarlas por escrito.
- Próxima sesión ordinaria: 28 de noviembre de 2022.
Summary generated by AI (claude-sonnet-4-6) from the official broadcast transcript · may contain inaccuracies
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
- Aprueba convenio N° 0450 · 2026 ↗
- Aprueba convenio N° 0452 · 2026 ↗
- Aprueba convenio N° 0636 · 2026 ↗
- Aprueba convenio N° 0869 · 2026 ↗
- Aprueba convenio N° 0870 · 2026 ↗
- Aprueba convenio N° 1103 · 2026 ↗
Documents indexed from the Transparency Portal (Law 20.285); they link to the PDF published by the municipality.
What the council resolvesSource: Official minutes · AI extraction (ongoing)
What the council resolvesSource: Official minutes · AI extraction (ongoing)
| Resolution | Type | Amount | Vote |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.4 · Asumir costos de operación y mantención del proyecto Reposición Cesfam Comuna de Portezuelo | Budget amendment | — | unanimidad |
| 4.3 · Autorización para firma de contrato en proyectos Habitacionales MAVE 7,8,9 y 10 | Tender | — | unanimidad |
| 4.2 · Acuerdo para recibir a los funcionarios de la Mutual de Seguridad en abril | Other | — | unanimidad |
| 4.1 · Aprobación de Acta de la sesión anterior | Other | — | unanimidad |
| 4.2 · Individualización de los profesionales involucrados en el proyecto | Other | — | — |
| 4.1 · Antecedentes del proyecto, datos del propietario y representante legal | Other | — | — |
Resolutions voted by the council, automatically extracted from the official minutes (extraction ongoing: coverage grows as the 94.917 indexed minutes are processed). May contain reading errors; the official document is the municipality's PDF.
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
| Year | Findings | Altam. | Compl. | Median. | Reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 9 | 7 | — | 2 | 1 |
| 2016 | 9 | — | 5 | 4 | 1 |
CGR severity classification · audit findings on the municipality and its corporations
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
- MdMutual de Seguridad de la Cámara Chilena de la ConstrucciónLobby / interest management · 6 audiencias · 2015–2020
- CGCompañía General de Electricidad S.A.Lobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2023–2026
- OAOtec Agencia Internacional de Formación para la Excelencia Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 3 audiencias · 2018
- KSKiron StoreLobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2021
- BSBuk SpALobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2023–2025
- IBInversiones Bosquemar Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2021–2022
- AGAsesoría Gestión y ServiciosLobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2022
- SYSalinas y Fabres S.A.Lobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2016
- AAAsesoría Ambiental Ingeniambiente LimitadaLobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2017
- KSKimche SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2022
- SCSociedad Constructora Cordillera Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2019
- CCComply ChileLobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2025
- OSOndac SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2024
- ASAconsult SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2022
- CDComité de Agua Potable PortezueloLobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2017
- SyServicios y Productos Educativos Crisol Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2021
- BSBeebrain SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2024
- SLSisinf Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2024
- GGGestion Global SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2022
- ISIngenieria Sustentable SpALobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2022
Organisations that registered Lobby Law meetings with this municipality. Registering the meeting is mandatory for the official, so the list shows who asked to be heard, not whether they got anything.
PopulationWho lives here, how they study, their healthcare and more
Population and living conditionsSource: INE · CENSO · MINEDUC · ADIS
Population trend
How it has changedSource: Official INE series 2002–2026 (2017 base).
See the full trajectory to 2050 →INE projects comuna population only through 2035; the 2050 values are an own estimate by the monitor, anchored to the official INE 2050 national total (21,626,079 inhab, 32.1% aged 60+). Not an official comuna figure.
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| School disengagement (leaves the system) | 0,7 % | MINEDUC 2023 |
| School enrollment | 57 students | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| Municipal enrollment | 50 % | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| PAES reading comprehension (DEMRE) | 546,4 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| PAES mathematics M1 (DEMRE) | 567,4 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| poblacion_censo | 5.203 inh. | 2024 Census 2024 |
| Income poverty (CASEN 2022) | 15,1 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Pobreza multidimensional (CASEN 2022) | 20,8 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Indigenous peoples | 3,06 % | 2024 Census 2024 |
The PAES year is that of the admission process: the test is sat in November of the previous year. The average covers only those who registered to apply to university —not every secondary-school graduate— and groups them by the comuna of the school they graduated from, not by where the student lives. Here it rests on 56 students registered for the PAES.
Registro Social de Hogares
| Elderly (60+) | 1.752 | 31% |
| Children and adolescents (<18) | 952 | 17% |
| Foreign nationals | 29 | 1% |
| Belonging to indigenous peoples | 96 | 2% |
| People with moderate/severe dependency | 102 | 2% |
| Single-person households | 1.420 | 48% |
A monthly administrative snapshot of the Social Household Registry (self-registration to access benefits), as of abril 2026. The "bracket 40" is the socioeconomic rating of the most vulnerable 40%. It is a registry, not a survey: it complements CASEN (biennial) with fresh data, but well-off comunas under-register. Source: ADIS, Ministry of Social Development and Family.
School educationSource: MINEDUC Open Data 2025
Aggregate of all the comuna's schools (RBD → comuna). Pass/withdrawal and attendance are from the 2025 school year. SIMCE is not published as open data (managed by the Quality Agency, by request only); the available quality proxy is passing, dropout and attendance. The PAES result appears in the social section.
Municipal healthcare (primary care)Source: SINIM · MINSAL / FONASA
REM-26 section A (DEIS/MINSAL): comprehensive family visits, summed across the comuna's facilities. The last year is partial while DEIS consolidates monthly reports.
| Center | Type | Provider type | Enrollees | % brackets A-B |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centro de Salud Familiar Portezuelo | Family Health Center (CESFAM) | Municipal | 4.956 | 73% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Cucha Cox | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 240 | 83% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Capellanía | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 190 | 86% |
FONASA brackets A-B ≈ lowest incomes (A: without resources). Source: FONASA, as of Dec 31, 2025, DEIS code.
Indigenous peoplesSource: 2024 Census (INE) · CONADI via IDE SMA
| People | People | % of total |
|---|---|---|
| Mapuche | 152 | 95.6% |
2024 Census: people who consider themselves as belonging to an indigenous people (small counts are suppressed for confidentiality at the source and not shown). Communities: CONADI national registry as of March 2024 — Araucanía and Los Lagos not refreshed in that update, the count is a floor. Land grants: 2022 registry.
Community organizationSource: RPJSFL Civil Registry (Law 20.500/19.418) · as of Jun 2026
All the comuna's active non-profit legal entities (Law 20.500 / 19.418), classified by organization name. It portrays the civil fabric: not just neighborhood councils, also committees, sports clubs, cultural and elderly groups, foundations and fire brigades.
3 Local media · 1 Comunitaria · 2 FMSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
3 Local media · 1 Comunitaria · 2 FMSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
| Local media | Type | dial |
|---|---|---|
| E1ENCANTADORA 107.1 FM | Comunitaria | 107.1 FM |
| RRAICES | FM | 100.7 FM |
| VVERTIENTE | FM | 95.5 FM |
The dial (frequency) of every FM, AM and community radio with a studio in the comuna (SUBTEL, active sound broadcasting concessions). National networks appear in their headquarters' comuna, not necessarily where they broadcast. When SUBTEL records no brand name, its holder (the concession holder).
Foreign-born populationSource: 2024 Census · INE
International immigrants per the 2024 Census (people born outside Chile living in the comuna). Nationwide they are 1,608,650 people, 8.8% of the population.
Housing and housing deficitSource: MINVU (Encampment Registry + 2024 Census deficit + subsidies) · INE
Encampments: MINVU National Registry 2024 (irregular settlements and the families living in them). Quantitative deficit: homes missing per the 2024 Census (doubling-up + unrecoverable overcrowding). Permits: new homes authorized by the Works Directorate in 2024 (INE) — measures future construction, not stock. Subsidies: MINVU by application comuna — DS49 accrues beneficiaries by resolution year; DS01 and DS52 accrue payments by application cohort (national totals in the source file differ ~1–6% from the comuna sum; the comuna series is published).
What the homes are like
Housing type: 2017 Census · tenure: 2002 Census (INE).
ResourcesBudget, spending, municipal procurement and more
Benefits under special regimesSource: Laws/SII/BCN/MTT/Treasury · deep-research verified
Fiscal or economic treatments that apply only to this comuna or its zone, not the rest of Chile. The chip color shows who it reaches: municipality, community, residents, companies or workers.
Sobresueldo mensual a funcionarios públicos según aislamiento/costo de vida: 25% del sueldo base (art. 7 DL 249). A los funcionarios municipales llega vía art. 25 del DL 3.551/1980 y el monto se aumenta en 40% (Ley 19.354) — salud primaria municipal (Ley 19.378) la percibe sin ese aumento; asistentes de la educación y personal de corporaciones no la perciben (Código del Trabajo). El %/territorio usa la división de 1974: dentro de una comuna pueden regir % mayores en localidades específicas (retenes, islas, cordillera) no reflejados acá; la CGR resuelve caso a caso. Comunas sin asignación no aparecen.
Budget and revenue sourcesSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Ingreso total y desglose de ingresos propios
Total revenue · trend (2001–2025)
Own revenue breakdown (IPP) · 2025
Special-law revenues · 2025
Distributed by law to specific comunas; they arrive via transfers.
Revenue by sector · 2025
Municipal Common Fund balance · 2025
Evolución por fuente de ingreso
Permanent own revenue (IPP) · trend
FCM received · trend
State transfers · trend
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Accrued spending · trend
Distribution by management area · 2025
What the budget is spent on · 2025
| Spending line | Amount | % of spending | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Municipal healthcare (primary care) · comuna health-sector spending | $1.961.519.000 | 38.7% | |
| Municipal personnel · municipal wages and fees | $1.521.110.000 | 30.0% | |
| Goods and services (operations) · supplies, contracts, maintenance | $955.078.000 | 18.8% | |
| Investment (works and projects) | $512.934.000 | 10.1% | |
| Transfers to education | $499.418.000 | 9.8% | |
| Transfers to health | $141.667.000 | 2.8% | |
| Electricity (facilities) | $130.409.000 | 2.6% | |
| Cleaning, garbage and landfills · waste collection and disposal | $127.849.000 | 2.5% | |
| Councillor stipends | $80.851.000 | 1.6% | |
| Water (facilities) | $27.165.000 | 0.5% | |
| Travel allowances | $21.379.000 | 0.4% | |
| Street lighting | $9.642.000 | 0.2% | |
| Commissions and representation | $95.000 | 0.0% |
Share of total accrued spending. Lines overlap (personnel sits inside several areas), so they don't add to 100%. Source: SINIM.
Personal y dotación municipal
Spending composition · 2025
Personnel by contract type · 2025
Municipal headcount · 2023
Municipal staff by contract status (SINIM, 2023). Cost per staffer = annual spending of the type ÷ same-year headcount.
Inversión, servicios básicos y obras
Investment and authorities' expenses · 2025
Basic and general services · 2025
Final works approvals (DOM) · per year
Building permits issued · per year
Management indicator · 2025
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Open profile in Monitor Mercado Público ↗
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Purchase-order amount · trend
| Top suppliers | Amount | POs |
|---|---|---|
| Pablo Alberto | $1.872.695.324 | 8 |
| Cristobal Fernando | $1.535.085.065 | 19 |
| Trabun Ltda. | $672.640.592 | 10 |
| Copec S.A. | $647.031.530 | 99 |
| Acuaobra SpA | $620.128.406 | 7 |
| Cristian Andres | $569.568.823 | 5 |
| Blue Mix SpA | $518.203.951 | 1.685 |
| Esmax Distribucion Limitada | $500.924.482 | 942 |
Purchase mechanism · 2026
| Tender | $604.169.373 | 44% |
| Agile Purchase | $570.457.484 | 42% |
| Framework Agreement | $148.072.416 | 11% |
| Direct award discretionary | $50.226.263 | 4% |
Companies and economic activitySource: SII · company statistics and roster (domicile/HQ)
Pyramid by sales bracket
Largest companies domiciled in the comuna
| Company | Line of business | Sales bracket | Workers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constructora Pablo Alberto Molina García y Compañía Limitada | CONSTRUCCION | Large 1 | 94 |
| Soc Agricola Covadonga Ltda. | ACTIVIDADES INMOBILIARIAS | Medium 2 | 17 |
| Lomas de Membrillar S.A. | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Medium 1 | 102 |
| Transportes San Francisco Limitada | TRANSPORTE Y ALMACENAMIENTO | Medium 1 | 48 |
| Agricola Membrillar Limitada | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Small 2 | 73 |
| Servicios Generales M & G SpA | ACTIVIDADES DE SERVICIOS ADMINISTRATIVOS Y DE | Small 2 | 60 |
| I Municipalidad de Portezuelo Departamento de Educacion | ENSEÑANZA | No sales | 228 |
| I Municipalidad de Portezuelo Consultorio de Salud | ACTIVIDADES DE ATENCION DE LA SALUD HUMANA Y | No sales | 87 |
SII roster of legal entities (public). Due to tax secrecy sales come in brackets, never amounts. The comuna is that of the domicile/HQ: operations may be elsewhere.
Investment in SEIA projects
| Project | Owner | Status | Investment (US$M) | Constr. jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parque Renovable Entre CerrosDIA | Eólica Entre Cerros SpA | Approved | 100,32 | 170 |
Investment DECLARED by the owner upon entering SEIA (not necessarily materialized; the RCA expires after 5 years without works). Multi-comuna projects: prorated investment, jobs counted in full. Jobs = declared peak labor (source PRISMA/SOFOFA). Source: e-SEIA + PRISMA.
TerritoryClimate, biodiversity, national heritage, SEIA-approved projects and more
Biodiversity and protected areasSource: SNASPE · SEIA baselines
Species of flora, fauna and funga documented in the baselines of the projects evaluated by SEIA in the comuna — what their environmental studies recorded in the territory. Conservation status (RCE/IUCN) and Chilean endemism are flagged.
CR critically endangered · EN endangered · VU vulnerable · NT near threatened (Species Classification Regulation / IUCN). ★ endemic to Chile. Extracted from SEIA studies by kingdom; presence reflects what baselines characterized, not a census.
2 Wetlands · 1 urban · 773 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
2 Wetlands · 1 urban · 773 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
| Code | Wetland | Hectares |
|---|---|---|
| HUR-16-30 | Sist. Rios Itata- Nuble y Trib.urban | 772 /11.109 |
| HPU-16-01 | Embalse 1 Portezuelo | 1 |
Area = hectares of wetland within the comuna boundary (apportioned using the DPA table of each record). For wetlands shared between comunas, "portion / total" is shown. "Urban" = urban wetland (HUR code). Official source migrated to the SBAP (Law 21,600).
Large projects approved by SEIASource: SEIA · approved projects
Projects with an environmental permit (RCA) approved by SEIA and declared investment above US$ 10 million, located in the comuna according to the case file and grouped by sector. Every sector with at least one project is listed: this is not a ranking or a selection. 1 project totaling US$ 50 million, approved in 2022. When a project spans several comunas, its investment is split among them.
Approved is not the same as built or operating: the RCA authorises the project, but some were never carried out and others have since closed.
Source: projects with an RCA approved by SEIA (investment declared by the developer, split among the comunas the project spans). Under each sector are its two largest projects by investment. It is the best public proxy for large industrial sites; SERNAGEOMIN’s registry of active mining operations (by mineral and type of operation) is a layer not yet incorporated.
Basic utilitiesSource: SISS · CNE · MINEDUC
Almost no comuna has its own utility: it is served by a major regional concession holder. Water = urban operational territory (SISS; rural goes via APR); electric = concession distributor per the tariff decree (CNE); higher education = university, IP and CFT campuses (MINEDUC/SIES), with the nearest comuna when there are none.
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2024)
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2024)
Municipally maintained green area per inhabitant (SINIM). The National Urban Development Council recommends a minimum of 10 m²/inhab (WHO, ~9). Self-reported by municipalities, with quality varying across comunas.
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
Monuments declared by decree (official CMN roster). Excludes archaeological and public monuments. Declaration entails legal protection and intervention restrictions.
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Official registries: they exclude illegal dumps and rural WWTPs (no consolidated public registry).
Forest firesSource: CONAF · Occurrence and damage statistics (2023-2024)
Occurrence and area affected by wildfires (CONAF). The 5-season cumulative gives a fairer picture than a single year: fire is episodic and big catastrophes concentrate in few seasons. The area is comuna-wide, not just urban.
Winter riskSource: SENAPRED · winter critical points 2026 (via FAU U. de Chile)
Points in the comuna where SENAPRED identifies winter-rain risk (channel overflows, flooding, collector collapse, landslides, mudflows, snow), with risk level and the agency responsible for the fix.
Water scarcitySource: DGA · MOP (scarcity-zone decrees)
DGA water-scarcity zone decrees (by comuna, province or region; basin decrees are not counted here, so chronicity is a floor). The decree enables extraordinary water redistribution measures. At the megadrought's peak (2021) 286 comunas were under decree; today 26.
Climate and climate changeSource: ARClim · MMA + CR2/UC (CMIP6 modeling)
Modeled climatology (CMIP6 downscaling ~5 km): present ≈ 1980-2010, projection ≈ 2035-2065 middle scenario. Not recent weather observation.
SafetyCrime, road crashes and municipal security infrastructure
Crimes (police cases)Source: CEAD · Ministry of Public Security
| Crime | Cases | Rate/100k |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic violence | 27 | 554 |
| Property damage | 24 | 492 |
| Larceny | 22 | 451 |
| Threats | 20 | 410 |
| Alcohol and drug use in public spaces | 11 | 226 |
| Burglary of an inhabited place | 10 | 205 |
| Minor injuries | 7 | 144 |
| Burglary of an uninhabited place | 7 | 144 |
| Sexual abuse | 4 | 82 |
| Receiving stolen goods | 3 | 62 |
| Crimes and offenses under the arms law | 2 | 41 |
| Weapons-related crimes | 2 | 41 |
Showing the 12 crimes with most cases of 21.
Police cases (reports + arrests) recorded by Carabineros and PDI. Not victimization (ENUSC measures the real figure, higher due to underreporting). The rate uses INE 2024 population. Source: CEAD, Ministry of Public Security.
What the municipality does
Municipal security infrastructure and staff declared to SINIM (since 2016). Excludes Carabineros and PDI, which are national.
Road crashesSource: CONASET · Data Observatory (2024)
Crashes georeferenced by CONASET (urban + highway) during 2024. The only per-comuna source; covers ~70% of the country's deaths (non-geolocatable ones are excluded), so it slightly underestimates the total. Pedestrian collision is the leading cause of pedestrian death.