Summary
What the comuna hasSource: OpenStreetMap
San Carlos es una comuna de la actual Provincia de Punilla en la Región de Ñuble en la zona central de Chile. Su capital es la ciudad de San Carlos de Itihue, fundada en 1800.
Liveability index · EIU style
51.2 /100AuthoritiesWho leads the comuna, its council, sessions and lobbying requests
Mayor · 2024-2028Source: DecideChile · SERVEL
Mayoral history · 7 terms
SERVEL · TRICEL (1992-2008) · DecideChile (2024) · Wikidata (pre-1992)
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Sesiones
En una línea: El Concejo aprobó por unanimidad el Presupuesto Extraordinario 01-2026 por ¢1.950 millones, con un 77% destinado a obras e inversión en los 13 distritos.
Temas tratados
- Actas 34 y 35: Lectura y aprobación de actas de sesiones anteriores.
- Licencias de licor: Aprobación de una licencia provisional (baile día de la madre en La Fortuna) y dos licencias definitivas para restaurantes clase C en La Fortuna.
- Juntas de educación: Nombramiento y juramentación de miembros de juntas de cinco escuelas (La Palmera, San Luis, Los Ángeles de Pital, San Marcos de Cutris y San Pedro de Cutris) y dos concejales de distrito.
- Presupuesto Extraordinario 01-2026: Presentación por parte de Desarrollo Estratégico y Hacienda, debate y aprobación.
- Cruz Roja Costarricense: Intervención de representantes para agradecer la transferencia aprobada para compra de ambulancia 4x4 (¢32 millones).
- Informe de correspondencia: Aprobación con correcciones menores de forma.
- Propuesta de albergue para habitantes de calle: Audiencia de Carlos Blanco Sánchez y asociación Casamolfo; el concejo acordó trasladar la propuesta a la administración municipal para análisis técnico, legal y financiero.
Acuerdos y votaciones
- Actas 34 y 35: Aprobadas por unanimidad (9 votos).
- Licencias provisionales de licor: Aprobadas por unanimidad (9 votos); la regidora Anéis Huertas se excusó por pertenecer a la organización solicitante; el regidor suplente Álvaro Esquivel asumió su lugar.
- Licencias definitivas de licor: Aprobadas por unanimidad (9 votos), con dispensa de trámite.
- Nombramientos juntas de educación: Aprobados por unanimidad (9 votos). Se aclaró en actas que de San Marcos de Cutris se nombró únicamente a Andrea Morales Zapata.
- Presupuesto Extraordinario 01-2026: Aprobado por unanimidad con correcciones de forma indicadas por el regidor Jorge Rodríguez. Dos regidores (Raquel Marín y Esteban Rodríguez) se abstuvieron por ser voluntarios de Cruz Roja; sus lugares fueron asumidos por las regidoras suplentes Mariana Torres y Amalia Salas. La asesora legal indicó que no existe conflicto de interés formal, pero ambos optaron por excusarse por transparencia.
- Informe de correspondencia: Aprobado por unanimidad (9 votos) con correcciones menores.
- Propuesta albergue habitantes de calle: Trasladada a la administración municipal para estudio de viabilidad; aprobado por unanimidad (9 votos).
Plata y obras
- Presupuesto Extraordinario 01-2026: ¢1.950 millones (el presupuesto total vigente alcanzaría ¢23.170 millones, el más alto en la historia del cantón según la administración).
- 77% destinado a obras e inversión.
- Fuentes: principalmente superávit libre y específico de 2025 (83,5%), recalificación de ingresos (8,5%) e ingresos de capital por recuperación de aceras (¢155 millones, ~7,9%).
- Aceras: ¢197 millones distribuidos entre 11 de 13 distritos.
- Mejoramiento vial: ¢127 millones.
- Mercado municipal (mejoras): ¢111 millones (superávit específico del mercado).
- Puente Amacá/Boca Arena: ¢50 millones (recurso que se arrastra de años anteriores por insuficiencia para la obra total).
- Seguridad/delegación en La Fortuna: ¢180 millones previstos en vías de comunicación, sujetos a verificación de proyectos.
- Obras comunales: ¢89 millones.
- Parque central (iluminación LED): ¢75 millones (superávit específico del parque).
- Centro "Primer Voto Femenino" (La Tigra): ¢130 millones (no ejecutados en 2025, se reincorporan).
- Plataforma ERP (modernización tecnológica): ¢80 millones.
- Renovación de maquinaria vial: ¢120 millones.
- Gestión tributaria y actualización catastral: ¢52 millones.
- Ambulancia Cruz Roja Costarricense: ¢32 millones (transferencia de capital ya acordada).
- Acueducto: ¢37 millones (superávit específico).
- Cementerio municipal: ¢39 millones.
- Ampliación relleno sanitario: monto no especificado con precisión en la transcripción.
- Juegos Deportivos Nacionales (superávit específico): monto no se enuncia con claridad.
- La morosidad total del cantón se menciona en aproximadamente ¢1.600 millones; la meta de recuperación vía cobro judicial reforzada en este presupuesto es de solo ¢5 millones adicionales (punto de debate).
- Pago pendiente a empresa Vanderleer (instrumentos de planificación): deuda de aproximadamente ¢20,2 millones de un contrato de ¢23,7 millones; se incluye en el presupuesto.
Puntos de debate o controversia
- Excusa de regidores voluntarios de Cruz Roja: El regidor Jorge Rodríguez cuestionó si corresponde excusarse, argumentando que ser voluntario sin retribución no configura conflicto de interés. La asesora legal y control interno confirmaron que formalmente no lo hay, pero los regidores Raquel Marín y Esteban Rodríguez optaron por abstenerse por transparencia.
- Morosidad vs. recursos para cobro: Dos regidoras señalaron que con ¢1.600 millones en mora, destinar solo ¢5 millones al cobro judicial resulta insuficiente. La administración respondió que es un refuerzo puntual y prometió traer al jefe tributario a una sesión futura para explicar la estrategia completa.
- Compra de vehículo para un departamento: Una regidora cuestionó si es necesario adquirir otro vehículo dado que el departamento ya cuenta con uno, y planteó que debería existir una flotilla centralizada. El regidor Jorge Rodríguez explicó que el vehículo actual está en muy mal estado y el costo sería aproximadamente ¢9 millones, pero recomendó rematar el vehículo viejo y no simplemente reasignarlo.
- Pago a empresa Vanderleer: Se aclaró que la empresa entregó el trabajo conforme a la licitación, aunque la administración no quedó satisfecha con el resultado; la obligación de pago subsiste.
- Propuesta de albergue para habitantes de calle: El presentador esperaba que el concejo constituyera una comisión mixta de inmediato; el concejo optó por trasladar primero a la administración para análisis de viabilidad, lo que generó cierta decepción en los exponentes, aunque la presidenta explicó la ruta institucional.
Para seguir
- Tributación: La administración se comprometió a presentar en sesión futura al jefe del área tributaria (citado como Leonidas Vázquez) para explicar la estrategia de reducción de morosidad y uso de inteligencia artificial en catastro.
- Visión plurianual 2026-2029: El regidor Melvin López solicitó una sesión dedicada a analizar en profundidad este documento; quedó como propuesta pendiente.
- Flotilla vehicular: Queda pendiente avanzar en la creación de un departamento centralizado de gestión de flotilla municipal.
- Albergue habitantes de calle: La administración municipal deberá entregar análisis de viabilidad técnica, legal y financiera; posteriormente se trasladará a la Comisión de Asuntos Sociales.
- Reglamento de consejos de distrito: Pendiente de ser entregado al área presupuestaria para analizar las herramientas y recursos que necesitarán los concejos (grabación de sesiones, equipos, etc.).
- Cobro judicial: Se prevé refuerzo adicional en el Presupuesto Extraordinario 02-2026.
- Rotulación ambiental puente Río San Rafael: Un regidor preguntó si estaba incluida en este presupuesto; la respuesta fue que está en proceso de gestión (no queda totalmente claro en la transcripción si fue incorporada o no).
Summary generated by AI (claude-sonnet-4-6) from the official broadcast transcript · may contain inaccuracies
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
Este municipio tiene carpetas de actas del concejo en su Transparencia Activa, pero SIN documentos publicados (incumplimiento de la Ley 20.285).
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
| Year | Findings | Altam. | Compl. | Median. | Reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 20 | — | 18 | 2 | 1 |
| 2024 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | 1 |
| 2023 | 17 | 4 | 12 | — | 1 |
| 2021 | 118 | 3 | 34 | 78 | 3 |
| 2019 | 57 | 8 | 8 | 30 | 1 |
| 2017 | 23 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 1 |
CGR severity classification · audit findings on the municipality and its corporations
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
- LSLuzparral S.A.Lobby / interest management · 9 audiencias · 2018–2025
- MdMutual de Seguridad de la Cámara Chilena de la ConstrucciónLobby / interest management · 8 audiencias · 2019–2025
- CGCompañía General de Electricidad S.A.Lobby / interest management · 6 audiencias · 2019–2025
- LPLegal Publishing Chile LimitadaLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2023–2025
- FDFundación de Beneficencia Hogar de CristoLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2023–2025
- EREdp RenewablesLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2023–2024
- IdIngeniería de ProcesosLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2019–2022
- CDCge Distribución S.A.Lobby / interest management · 4 audiencias · 2015–2017
- CGCompañía General de Electricidad Cge S.A.Lobby / interest management · 3 audiencias · 2015–2016
- DJDistribuciones Jurídicas de Chile SpALobby / interest management · 3 audiencias · 2023–2025
- FEFundación ElearningamericaLobby / interest management · 3 audiencias · 2022–2023
- IeInmobiliaria e Inversiones Ando Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 3 audiencias · 2025–2026
- XLXp Latam SpALobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2024–2025
- SLSisinf Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2024–2025
- MSMaitsan Soluciones SpALobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2021
- ISInvar S.A.Lobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2025–2026
- HSHealth Systems Design & ConnectionLobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2021–2025
- CFCorporación Fiscalía del Medio AmbienteLobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2023–2024
- etEl Torreon Export Ltda.Lobby / interest management · 2 audiencias · 2025
Organisations that registered Lobby Law meetings with this municipality. Registering the meeting is mandatory for the official, so the list shows who asked to be heard, not whether they got anything.
PopulationWho lives here, how they study, their healthcare and more
Population and living conditionsSource: INE · CENSO · MINEDUC · ADIS
Population trend
How it has changedSource: Official INE series 2002–2026 (2017 base).
See the full trajectory to 2050 →INE projects comuna population only through 2035; the 2050 values are an own estimate by the monitor, anchored to the official INE 2050 national total (21,626,079 inhab, 32.1% aged 60+). Not an official comuna figure.
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| School disengagement (leaves the system) | 0,8 % | MINEDUC 2023 |
| School enrollment | 836 students | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| Municipal enrollment | 40 % | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| PAES reading comprehension (DEMRE) | 601,9 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| PAES mathematics M1 (DEMRE) | 635,8 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| poblacion_censo | 55.847 inh. | 2024 Census 2024 |
| Income poverty (CASEN 2022) | 13,7 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Pobreza multidimensional (CASEN 2022) | 15,1 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Indigenous peoples | 2,96 % | 2024 Census 2024 |
The PAES year is that of the admission process: the test is sat in November of the previous year. The average covers only those who registered to apply to university —not every secondary-school graduate— and groups them by the comuna of the school they graduated from, not by where the student lives. Here it rests on 798 students registered for the PAES.
Registro Social de Hogares
| Elderly (60+) | 14.651 | 26% |
| Children and adolescents (<18) | 11.343 | 20% |
| Foreign nationals | 700 | 1% |
| Belonging to indigenous peoples | 524 | 1% |
| People with moderate/severe dependency | 880 | 2% |
| Single-person households | 11.875 | 42% |
A monthly administrative snapshot of the Social Household Registry (self-registration to access benefits), as of abril 2026. The "bracket 40" is the socioeconomic rating of the most vulnerable 40%. It is a registry, not a survey: it complements CASEN (biennial) with fresh data, but well-off comunas under-register. Source: ADIS, Ministry of Social Development and Family.
School educationSource: MINEDUC Open Data 2025
Aggregate of all the comuna's schools (RBD → comuna). Pass/withdrawal and attendance are from the 2025 school year. SIMCE is not published as open data (managed by the Quality Agency, by request only); the available quality proxy is passing, dropout and attendance. The PAES result appears in the social section.
Municipal healthcare (primary care)Source: SINIM · MINSAL / FONASA
Specialties with services recorded at the comuna's public facilities (REM DEIS, 2024). These are services performed, not doctor headcount. Excludes the private network.
REM-26 section A (DEIS/MINSAL): comprehensive family visits, summed across the comuna's facilities. The last year is partial while DEIS consolidates monthly reports.
| Center | Type | Provider type | Enrollees | % brackets A-B |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centro de Salud Familiar Teresa Baldechi | Family Health Center (CESFAM) | Municipal | 31.392 | 66% |
| Centro de Salud Familiar Dr. José Duran Trujillo | Family Health Center (CESFAM) | Municipal | 22.375 | 70% |
| Centro Comunitario de Salud Familiar Valle Hondo | Community Family Health Center (CECOSF) | Municipal | 1.169 | 58% |
| Centro Comunitario de Salud Familiar Cachapoal | Community Family Health Center (CECOSF) | Municipal | 703 | 68% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Rivera de Ñuble | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 187 | 77% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Monte Blanco | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 145 | 72% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Arizona | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 44 | 77% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Torrecillas | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 18 | 94% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Toquihua | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 1 | 100% |
FONASA brackets A-B ≈ lowest incomes (A: without resources). Source: FONASA, as of Dec 31, 2025, DEIS code.
Indigenous peoplesSource: 2024 Census (INE) · CONADI via IDE SMA
| People | People | % of total |
|---|---|---|
| Mapuche | 1.543 | 93.3% |
2024 Census: people who consider themselves as belonging to an indigenous people (small counts are suppressed for confidentiality at the source and not shown). Communities: CONADI national registry as of March 2024 — Araucanía and Los Lagos not refreshed in that update, the count is a floor. Land grants: 2022 registry.
Community organizationSource: RPJSFL Civil Registry (Law 20.500/19.418) · as of Jun 2026
All the comuna's active non-profit legal entities (Law 20.500 / 19.418), classified by organization name. It portrays the civil fabric: not just neighborhood councils, also committees, sports clubs, cultural and elderly groups, foundations and fire brigades.
11 Local media · 1 AM · 3 Comunitaria · 6 FM · 1 Digital pressSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
11 Local media · 1 AM · 3 Comunitaria · 6 FM · 1 Digital pressSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
| Local media | Type | dial |
|---|---|---|
| CCONTIGO | FM | 98.5 FM |
| DFDIGITAL FM2 | FM | 90.3 FM |
| IFINTERACTIVA FM | FM | 97.1 FM |
| NNIEBLA | AM | 1280 AM |
| OOCARINA | FM | 104.3 FM |
| wwww.sancarlosonline.cl | Digital press | — |
| ASAgrupacion Social de Educadores y Colaboradores del Colegio el Arbol de la Vida · holder | Comunitaria | 107.1 FM |
| CCCentro Cultural, Social y de Comunicaciones Siloe · holder | Comunitaria | 107.5 FM |
| CFComunicaciones Fermin Rojas Garces E.I.R.L. · holder | FM | 100.3 FM |
| PSParroquia San Carlos de Borromeo Hoy Parroquia de San Carlos · holder | Comunitaria | 107.9 FM |
| SdSoc. de Radio y Television Carivision Ltda. · holder | FM | 101.7 FM |
The dial (frequency) of every FM, AM and community radio with a studio in the comuna (SUBTEL, active sound broadcasting concessions). National networks appear in their headquarters' comuna, not necessarily where they broadcast. When SUBTEL records no brand name, its holder (the concession holder).
Foreign-born populationSource: 2024 Census · INE
International immigrants per the 2024 Census (people born outside Chile living in the comuna). Nationwide they are 1,608,650 people, 8.8% of the population.
Housing and housing deficitSource: MINVU (Encampment Registry + 2024 Census deficit + subsidies) · INE
Encampments: MINVU National Registry 2024 (irregular settlements and the families living in them). Quantitative deficit: homes missing per the 2024 Census (doubling-up + unrecoverable overcrowding). Permits: new homes authorized by the Works Directorate in 2024 (INE) — measures future construction, not stock. Subsidies: MINVU by application comuna — DS49 accrues beneficiaries by resolution year; DS01 and DS52 accrue payments by application cohort (national totals in the source file differ ~1–6% from the comuna sum; the comuna series is published).
What the homes are like
Housing type: 2017 Census · tenure: 2002 Census (INE).
Elderly careSource: Chile Cuida · National Assets / SENAMA
Elderly careSource: Chile Cuida · National Assets / SENAMA
Long-stay facilities for the elderly registered in Chile Cuida. Comunas without ELEAM send their elders to other comunas. With projected ageing (see Demographic projection), this capacity defines whether one can age in one's own comuna.
ResourcesBudget, spending, municipal procurement and more
Benefits under special regimesSource: Laws/SII/BCN/MTT/Treasury · deep-research verified
Fiscal or economic treatments that apply only to this comuna or its zone, not the rest of Chile. The chip color shows who it reaches: municipality, community, residents, companies or workers.
Sobresueldo mensual a funcionarios públicos según aislamiento/costo de vida: 25% del sueldo base (art. 7 DL 249). A los funcionarios municipales llega vía art. 25 del DL 3.551/1980 y el monto se aumenta en 40% (Ley 19.354) — salud primaria municipal (Ley 19.378) la percibe sin ese aumento; asistentes de la educación y personal de corporaciones no la perciben (Código del Trabajo). El %/territorio usa la división de 1974: dentro de una comuna pueden regir % mayores en localidades específicas (retenes, islas, cordillera) no reflejados acá; la CGR resuelve caso a caso. Comunas sin asignación no aparecen.
Budget and revenue sourcesSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Ingreso total y desglose de ingresos propios
Total revenue · trend (2001–2025)
Own revenue breakdown (IPP) · 2025
Special-law revenues · 2025
Distributed by law to specific comunas; they arrive via transfers.
Revenue by sector · 2025
Municipal Common Fund balance · 2025
Evolución por fuente de ingreso
Permanent own revenue (IPP) · trend
FCM received · trend
State transfers · trend
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Accrued spending · trend
Distribution by management area · 2025
What the budget is spent on · 2025
| Spending line | Amount | % of spending | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Municipal healthcare (primary care) · comuna health-sector spending | $18.246.987.000 | 98.0% | |
| Municipal personnel · municipal wages and fees | $5.554.950.000 | 29.8% | |
| Goods and services (operations) · supplies, contracts, maintenance | $4.594.393.000 | 24.7% | |
| Transfers to health | $1.793.665.000 | 9.6% | |
| Cleaning, garbage and landfills · waste collection and disposal | $987.501.000 | 5.3% | |
| Electricity (facilities) | $786.387.000 | 4.2% | |
| Investment (works and projects) | $226.916.000 | 1.2% | |
| Water (facilities) | $147.624.000 | 0.8% | |
| Councillor stipends | $80.996.000 | 0.4% | |
| Travel allowances | $16.360.000 | 0.1% | |
| Commissions and representation | $291.000 | 0.0% |
Share of total accrued spending. Lines overlap (personnel sits inside several areas), so they don't add to 100%. Source: SINIM.
Personal y dotación municipal
Spending composition · 2025
Personnel by contract type · 2025
Municipal headcount · 2023
Municipal staff by contract status (SINIM, 2023). Cost per staffer = annual spending of the type ÷ same-year headcount.
Inversión, servicios básicos y obras
Investment and authorities' expenses · 2025
Basic and general services · 2025
Final works approvals (DOM) · per year
Building permits issued · per year
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Open profile in Monitor Mercado Público ↗
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Purchase-order amount · trend
| Top suppliers | Amount | POs |
|---|---|---|
| Ingetal Ingeniería y Construcción S.A. | $4.014.821.131 | 1 |
| Ohl Servicios-Ingesan S.a. Agencia en Chile | $3.916.487.659 | 6 |
| Constructora Casaa Ltda. | $2.529.729.953 | 1 |
| Construccion e Ingenieria Ingesep Lta. | $2.114.237.494 | 3 |
| Laboratorio Chile S a | $1.480.961.629 | 505 |
| Demarco S.A. | $1.452.237.599 | 5 |
| Copec S.A. | $1.430.722.117 | 191 |
| Construcciones Correa E.I.R.L. | $1.334.547.741 | 34 |
Purchase mechanism · 2026
| Tender | $2.438.570.840 | 53% |
| Agile Purchase | $1.028.843.157 | 22% |
| Framework Agreement | $858.023.339 | 19% |
| Direct award discretionary | $275.084.786 | 6% |
Companies and economic activitySource: SII · company statistics and roster (domicile/HQ)
Pyramid by sales bracket
Largest companies domiciled in the comuna
| Company | Line of business | Sales bracket | Workers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frutas y Hortalizas del Sur S a | COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR; REPARAC | Large 2 | 1.710 |
| El Torreon Export Limitada | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Large 2 | 887 |
| Carnes y Cecinas Pincheira Limitada | INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA | Large 2 | 108 |
| Ingal Ingenieria y Construccion SpA | CONSTRUCCION | Large 2 | 93 |
| Distribuidora Ruky Limitada | COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR; REPARAC | Large 2 | 53 |
| Sociedad de Inversiones, Comercial y Transportes Chevalier Limitada | TRANSPORTE Y ALMACENAMIENTO | Large 1 | 112 |
| Agricola Santa Magdalena Limitada | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Large 1 | 105 |
| Sociedad Constructora Santa Valentina Limitada | CONSTRUCCION | Large 1 | 93 |
| Industrias Molinera y Arrocera San Ta Marta Limitada | INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA | Large 1 | 44 |
| Sociedad Cordillera Limitada | COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR; REPARAC | Large 1 | 35 |
SII roster of legal entities (public). Due to tax secrecy sales come in brackets, never amounts. The comuna is that of the domicile/HQ: operations may be elsewhere.
Investment in SEIA projects
Investment DECLARED by the owner upon entering SEIA (not necessarily materialized; the RCA expires after 5 years without works). Multi-comuna projects: prorated investment, jobs counted in full. Jobs = declared peak labor (source PRISMA/SOFOFA). Source: e-SEIA + PRISMA.
TerritoryClimate, biodiversity, national heritage, SEIA-approved projects and more
Roads and motorwaysSource: OpenStreetMap · 2026 snapshot
Road infrastructure of the MOP and concession holders, not the municipality: it measures how much highway crosses the territory, not municipal management. Only comunas with roads of this category are counted.
Environment and air qualitySource: MMA · SINCA + PPDA + RETC
Air quality observed at MMA's SINCA stations within the comuna (2024); when there are several, the worst is shown. The scale compares the annual average with the WHO 2021 guideline (PM2.5 = 5 · PM10 = 15 µg/m³, international health reference) and the Chilean annual primary standard (PM2.5 = 20 · PM10 = 50 µg/m³): green within the WHO guideline, amber between guideline and standard, red above the national standard. "Days above standard" use the 24-h daily standard (PM2.5 = 50 · PM10 = 150 µg/m³). RETC emissions = declared point sources (industry/energy), excludes diffuse sources like residential firewood.
Biodiversity and protected areasSource: SNASPE · SEIA baselines
Species of flora, fauna and funga documented in the baselines of the projects evaluated by SEIA in the comuna — what their environmental studies recorded in the territory. Conservation status (RCE/IUCN) and Chilean endemism are flagged.
CR critically endangered · EN endangered · VU vulnerable · NT near threatened (Species Classification Regulation / IUCN). ★ endemic to Chile. Extracted from SEIA studies by kingdom; presence reflects what baselines characterized, not a census.
4 Wetlands · 3 urban · 1.026 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
4 Wetlands · 3 urban · 1.026 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
| Code | Wetland | Hectares |
|---|---|---|
| HUR-16-30 | Sist. Rios Itata- Nuble y Trib.urban | 1.016 /11.109 |
| HUR-16-16 | Estero Navotayourban | 7 |
| HPU-16-05 | Embalse N°2 San Carlos | 2 |
| HUR-16-14 | Embalse N°1 San Carlosurban | 1 |
Area = hectares of wetland within the comuna boundary (apportioned using the DPA table of each record). For wetlands shared between comunas, "portion / total" is shown. "Urban" = urban wetland (HUR code). Official source migrated to the SBAP (Law 21,600).
Large projects approved by SEIASource: SEIA · approved projects
Projects with an environmental permit (RCA) approved by SEIA and declared investment above US$ 10 million, located in the comuna according to the case file and grouped by sector. Every sector with at least one project is listed: this is not a ranking or a selection. 17 projects totaling US$ 412 million, approved between 1997 and 2026. When a project spans several comunas, its investment is split among them.
Approved is not the same as built or operating: the RCA authorises the project, but some were never carried out and others have since closed.
Source: projects with an RCA approved by SEIA (investment declared by the developer, split among the comunas the project spans). Under each sector are its two largest projects by investment. It is the best public proxy for large industrial sites; SERNAGEOMIN’s registry of active mining operations (by mineral and type of operation) is a layer not yet incorporated.
Basic utilitiesSource: SISS · CNE · MINEDUC
Almost no comuna has its own utility: it is served by a major regional concession holder. Water = urban operational territory (SISS; rural goes via APR); electric = concession distributor per the tariff decree (CNE); higher education = university, IP and CFT campuses (MINEDUC/SIES), with the nearest comuna when there are none.
Environmental conflictsSource: SNIFA · SMA + Environmental Search · Environmental Courts
Appeals before the Environmental Courts
| Case no. | Parties / project | Subject | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-93-2016 ↗ 2TA | De la Vega Soto Rodrigo y otros en contra del Comité de Ministros Nueva Línea 2x500 kv Charrúa Ancoa: tendido del primer conductor | Environmental assessment - Citizen participation | Rejects |
Appeals resolved by the Environmental Courts (Law 20.600) on the comuna's projects or facilities, geolocated by the associated project (SEIA) or sanctioned facility (SMA). Partial coverage: Supreme Court appeals and cases without a locatable act are excluded. Source: 1st Environmental Court's Environmental Search.
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2025)
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2025)
Municipally maintained green area per inhabitant (SINIM). The National Urban Development Council recommends a minimum of 10 m²/inhab (WHO, ~9). Self-reported by municipalities, with quality varying across comunas.
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
Monuments declared by decree (official CMN roster). Excludes archaeological and public monuments. Declaration entails legal protection and intervention restrictions.
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Infrastructure this comuna carries — often serving others.
| Facility | Type | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| C.D.P. San Carlos | Prison (CDP) | 150 inmates · 110 convicted · 40 awaiting trial · 227% occupancy |
| C.E.T. San Carlos | Prison (CET) | 14 inmates · 14 convicted · 0 awaiting trial · 38% occupancy |
Official registries: they exclude illegal dumps and rural WWTPs (no consolidated public registry).
Forest firesSource: CONAF · Occurrence and damage statistics (2023-2024)
Occurrence and area affected by wildfires (CONAF). The 5-season cumulative gives a fairer picture than a single year: fire is episodic and big catastrophes concentrate in few seasons. The area is comuna-wide, not just urban.
Winter riskSource: SENAPRED · winter critical points 2026 (via FAU U. de Chile)
Points in the comuna where SENAPRED identifies winter-rain risk (channel overflows, flooding, collector collapse, landslides, mudflows, snow), with risk level and the agency responsible for the fix.
Water scarcitySource: DGA · MOP (scarcity-zone decrees)
DGA water-scarcity zone decrees (by comuna, province or region; basin decrees are not counted here, so chronicity is a floor). The decree enables extraordinary water redistribution measures. At the megadrought's peak (2021) 286 comunas were under decree; today 26.
Climate and climate changeSource: ARClim · MMA + CR2/UC (CMIP6 modeling)
Modeled climatology (CMIP6 downscaling ~5 km): present ≈ 1980-2010, projection ≈ 2035-2065 middle scenario. Not recent weather observation.
SafetyCrime, road crashes and municipal security infrastructure
Crimes (police cases)Source: CEAD · Ministry of Public Security
| Crime | Cases | Rate/100k |
|---|---|---|
| Threats | 464 | 813 |
| Domestic violence | 450 | 789 |
| Property damage | 349 | 612 |
| Larceny | 307 | 538 |
| Burglary of an uninhabited place | 149 | 261 |
| Burglary of an inhabited place | 149 | 261 |
| Alcohol and drug use in public spaces | 141 | 247 |
| Minor injuries | 110 | 193 |
| Theft of items from vehicles | 76 | 133 |
| Robbery with violence or intimidation | 70 | 123 |
| Sexual abuse | 49 | 86 |
| Weapons-related crimes | 44 | 77 |
Showing the 12 crimes with most cases of 28.
Police cases (reports + arrests) recorded by Carabineros and PDI. Not victimization (ENUSC measures the real figure, higher due to underreporting). The rate uses INE 2024 population. Source: CEAD, Ministry of Public Security.
What the municipality does
Municipal security infrastructure and staff declared to SINIM (since 2016). Excludes Carabineros and PDI, which are national.
Road crashesSource: CONASET · Data Observatory (2024)
Crashes georeferenced by CONASET (urban + highway) during 2024. The only per-comuna source; covers ~70% of the country's deaths (non-geolocatable ones are excluded), so it slightly underestimates the total. Pedestrian collision is the leading cause of pedestrian death.