Summary
What the comuna hasSource: OpenStreetMap
San Nicolás es una comuna ubicada en la provincia de Punilla, Región de Ñuble, en la zona central de Chile. Tiene una superficie de 491 km² y su capital es la localidad de San Nicolás. Se encuentra a 25 km de la ciudad de Chillán hacia el oeste. Es parte del Distrito 19 de Diputados y la Circunscripción Senatorial N.º 12.
Liveability index · EIU style
40.9 /100AuthoritiesWho leads the comuna, its council, sessions and lobbying requests
Mayor · 2024-2028Source: DecideChile · SERVEL
Mayoral history · 7 terms
SERVEL · TRICEL (1992-2008) · DecideChile (2024) · Wikidata (pre-1992)
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Concejo MunicipalSource: DecideChile · SERVEL
Sesiones
En una línea: La sesión estuvo dominada por el problema de regularización de títulos de dominio en terrenos irregulares —sin solución bajo la ley vigente— y por decisiones relevantes en personal docente, patentes de alcohol y reorganización municipal.
Temas tratados
- Acta sesión ordinaria N°55: Aprobada por unanimidad.
- Correspondencia: Solicitudes de seguridad vial en sector Tres Esquinas, denominación de calles (juntas de vecinos Guillinco, Lukumavida Norte y Los Montes), suspensión de recorrido de locomoción colectiva en Vía Alegre, y otros.
- Cuenta del alcalde: Actividades de la semana: compostaje, enseñanza del francés (31 certificados entregados), regularización de viviendas (ley 21.725), proyecto de agua potable en Curica (estanque de 50 m³, inicio segundo semestre 2026), seguridad comunal, aniversario de bomberos, y reunión con alcaldes y gobernador regional sobre financiamiento del transporte escolar rural.
- Regularización de títulos de dominio: Gran reunión con más de 300 vecinos y la SEREMI de Bienes Nacionales; se expuso la traba estructural de la ley 20.234, que en seis años no ha resuelto ningún caso en la región.
- Jubilación docente: Aprobación del pago de indemnización al profesor José Alberto González López.
- Modificaciones presupuestarias: Departamentos de salud y educación (entregadas, sin votación registrada en la transcripción).
- Patentes de alcohol: Análisis de renovaciones; un local en sector Dadinco presentó informes desfavorables de Carabineros y seguridad municipal.
- Fondo a rendir (SEP): Viaje de capacitación internacional de docente a Taiwán (artes culinarias).
- Nueva dirección municipal: Creación de la Dirección de Fomento Productivo, Innovación, Estrategia Territorial y Relaciones Internacionales.
Acuerdos y votaciones
- Acta N°55: Aprobada por unanimidad.
- Jubilación docente (José Alberto González López): Aprobada por unanimidad. Indemnización de $23.958.750, con abono inicial de $10.000.000 y seis cuotas mensuales de $2.326.458.
- Fondo a rendir SEP (viaje a Taiwán): Aprobado por unanimidad. Monto: $2.500.000.
- Creación nueva dirección municipal: Aprobada por unanimidad (sin contratación de nuevo personal).
- Patentes de alcohol: Quedaron pendientes; se acordó convocar comisión para revisar cumplimiento de requisitos legales antes de una sesión extraordinaria tentativa para el martes 23 de junio.
Plata y obras
- Indemnización docente: $23.958.750 (modalidad cuotas).
- Fondo a rendir SEP para capacitación en Taiwán: $2.500.000.
- Proyecto agua potable Curica: nuevo estanque de 50.000 litros, inicio estimado segundo semestre 2026, ejecución de 6 meses.
- Municipio trabaja en 9 proyectos de agua potable (8 rurales + ciudad de San Nicolás).
- Modificaciones presupuestarias de salud y educación entregadas al concejo (montos no mencionados en la sesión).
- Gobernador regional anunció retomar aportes a municipios para transporte escolar rural; postulaciones a realizarse este año con resultados esperados para 2027-2028.
Puntos de debate o controversia
- Ley 20.234 (saneamiento de títulos): Ningún caso resuelto en la región en seis años. Concejales y alcalde coinciden en que la ley no funciona y proponen oficiar a parlamentarios para modificarla. Un funcionario de Bienes Nacionales habría señalado en la reunión pública que la responsabilidad era del municipio, lo que generó molestia.
- Perros asilvestrados en sector norte: Una jauría estaría exterminando ovejas de pequeños propietarios. El alcalde anunció oficios al SAG y al gobierno regional para capturar los animales. Concejal Bustos solicitó además explorar programa de reposición de animales vía INDAP.
- Patente de alcohol en sector Dadinco (mini market Anita): Carabineros informó denuncia por conexión con casa habitación y mesa con consumo en el local; seguridad municipal también reportó reclamos vecinales. El presidente de la junta de vecinos de Dadinco dijo no oponerse. El concejo decidió no resolver en la sesión y derivar a comisión.
- Centro de rescate canino: Concejal Avendaño solicitó visita fiscalizadora del concejo en pleno para revisar cumplimiento de recomendaciones anteriores. El alcalde aclaró que no hay impedimento, pero debe hacerse como cuerpo colegiado.
Para seguir
- Reunión técnica entre SEREMI de Bienes Nacionales, SEREMI de Vivienda y municipio para intentar destrabar regularización de títulos, antes de convocar nuevamente a vecinos.
- Oficio a parlamentarios de Ñuble solicitando modificación de la ley 20.234.
- Oficios al SAG y gobierno regional por jauría de perros en sector norte.
- Comisión de medio ambiente visitará el centro de rescate canino (fecha por definir).
- Comisión revisará patentes de alcohol; sesión extraordinaria tentativa: martes 23 de junio, 15:30 hrs.
- Profesora que viajará a Taiwán deberá presentar informe al concejo a su regreso.
- Punto N°10 de la tabla quedó pendiente (no queda claro en la transcripción de qué se trataba).
- Seguimiento al financiamiento del transporte escolar rural con el gobierno regional.
Summary generated by AI (claude-sonnet-4-6) from the official broadcast transcript · may contain inaccuracies
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
Official council minutesSource: CPLT · Active Transparency inventory (Law 20.285)
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 40 · 2026 ↗
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 41 · 2026 ↗
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 42 · 2026 ↗
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 43 · 2026 ↗
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 44 · 2026 ↗
- Acta Sesión Ordinaria Concejo Municipal N° 45 · 2026 ↗
Documents indexed from the Transparency Portal (Law 20.285); they link to the PDF published by the municipality.
What the council resolvesSource: Official minutes · AI extraction (ongoing)
What the council resolvesSource: Official minutes · AI extraction (ongoing)
| Resolution | Type | Amount | Vote |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renovar los equipos celulares de los concejales | Other | — | — |
| Aprobación acta N°93 | Other | — | unanimidad |
| 4.1 · Adjudicación de licitación pública 'Actividades recreativas y culturales de verano 2024' | Tender | $60.000.000 | mayoria |
| 4.2 · Aprobar cambio de nombre y fondo iniciativa del sector Coipín para construcción, habilitación y accesibilidad espacio público Coipin San Nicolás | Other | — | unanimidad |
| Firmado contrato para construcción de APR | Tender | $268.765.632 | — |
| Subvención para el Comité de Emergencia de Lucumávida Norte | Subsidy | $500.000 | — |
Resolutions voted by the council, automatically extracted from the official minutes (extraction ongoing: coverage grows as the 94.917 indexed minutes are processed). May contain reading errors; the official document is the municipality's PDF.
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
Comptroller auditsSource: CGR · Municipal Observatory
| Year | Findings | Altam. | Compl. | Median. | Reports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 39 | — | 21 | 18 | 1 |
| 2020 | 83 | — | 15 | 63 | 1 |
| 2017 | 27 | 9 | 5 | 13 | 1 |
CGR severity classification · audit findings on the municipality and its corporations
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
Who requests meetings with the municipalitySource: InfoLobby · CPLT (Law 20,730)
- JDJunta de Vecinos Altos de MonteleonLobby / interest management · 16 audiencias · 2016–2025
- CAComite Agua Potable Rural Alto ChangaralLobby / interest management · 14 audiencias · 2015–2020
- JDJunta de Vecinos VidicoLobby / interest management · 14 audiencias · 2016–2025
- JDJunta de Vecinos Villa Nuevo MilenioLobby / interest management · 12 audiencias · 2016–2026
- APAgua Potable Rural VidicoLobby / interest management · 10 audiencias · 2018–2025
- JDJunta de Vecinos Lucumavida NorteLobby / interest management · 10 audiencias · 2015–2026
- JDJunta de Vecinos Villa AlegreLobby / interest management · 9 audiencias · 2018–2026
- AFAsociacion Funcional de Clubes de HuasosLobby / interest management · 9 audiencias · 2019–2025
- JDJunta de Vecinos CoipinLobby / interest management · 9 audiencias · 2016–2025Lobby / interest management · 1 audiencia · 2017
- JDJunta de Vecinos Monteleon SurLobby / interest management · 9 audiencias · 2016–2025
- CAComite Agua Potable la Loma de LucumaviodaLobby / interest management · 8 audiencias · 2016–2026
- CGCentro General de Padres Liceo PolivalenteLobby / interest management · 8 audiencias · 2015–2026
- UCUnion Comunal de Personas en Situacion de DiscapacidadLobby / interest management · 8 audiencias · 2018–2020
- AQApr QuillahueLobby / interest management · 7 audiencias · 2017–2026
- CAComite Agua Potable Rural QuillincoLobby / interest management · 7 audiencias · 2019–2025
- JDJunta de Vecinos Alto ChangaralLobby / interest management · 7 audiencias · 2018–2026
- SDSindicato de Areneros de Puente ÑubleLobby / interest management · 6 audiencias · 2016–2026
- CDClub Depórtivo los ValientesLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2015–2026
- CCComite Coordinador Campesino San NicolasLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2017–2025
- CDComite de Agua Potable Rural Portal de la LunaLobby / interest management · 5 audiencias · 2019–2025
Organisations that registered Lobby Law meetings with this municipality. Registering the meeting is mandatory for the official, so the list shows who asked to be heard, not whether they got anything.
PopulationWho lives here, how they study, their healthcare and more
Population and living conditionsSource: INE · CENSO · MINEDUC · ADIS
Population trend
How it has changedSource: Official INE series 2002–2026 (2017 base).
See the full trajectory to 2050 →INE projects comuna population only through 2035; the 2050 values are an own estimate by the monitor, anchored to the official INE 2050 national total (21,626,079 inhab, 32.1% aged 60+). Not an official comuna figure.
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| School disengagement (leaves the system) | 0,6 % | MINEDUC 2023 |
| School enrollment | 329 students | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| Municipal enrollment | 100 % | MINEDUC · aggregated by hexagons 2024 |
| PAES reading comprehension (DEMRE) | 663,1 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| PAES mathematics M1 (DEMRE) | 728,8 pts | DEMRE · MINEDUC datos abiertos 2026 |
| poblacion_censo | 15.099 inh. | 2024 Census 2024 |
| Income poverty (CASEN 2022) | 10,8 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Pobreza multidimensional (CASEN 2022) | 19,7 % | CASEN 2022 · SAE Observatorio MDSF 2022 |
| Indigenous peoples | 4,82 % | 2024 Census 2024 |
The PAES year is that of the admission process: the test is sat in November of the previous year. The average covers only those who registered to apply to university —not every secondary-school graduate— and groups them by the comuna of the school they graduated from, not by where the student lives. Here it rests on 361 students registered for the PAES.
Registro Social de Hogares
| Elderly (60+) | 4.117 | 25% |
| Children and adolescents (<18) | 3.379 | 20% |
| Foreign nationals | 234 | 1% |
| Belonging to indigenous peoples | 321 | 2% |
| People with moderate/severe dependency | 480 | 3% |
| Single-person households | 3.546 | 43% |
A monthly administrative snapshot of the Social Household Registry (self-registration to access benefits), as of abril 2026. The "bracket 40" is the socioeconomic rating of the most vulnerable 40%. It is a registry, not a survey: it complements CASEN (biennial) with fresh data, but well-off comunas under-register. Source: ADIS, Ministry of Social Development and Family.
School educationSource: MINEDUC Open Data 2025
Aggregate of all the comuna's schools (RBD → comuna). Pass/withdrawal and attendance are from the 2025 school year. SIMCE is not published as open data (managed by the Quality Agency, by request only); the available quality proxy is passing, dropout and attendance. The PAES result appears in the social section.
Municipal healthcare (primary care)Source: SINIM · MINSAL / FONASA
Specialties with services recorded at the comuna's public facilities (REM DEIS, 2024). These are services performed, not doctor headcount. Excludes the private network.
REM-26 section A (DEIS/MINSAL): comprehensive family visits, summed across the comuna's facilities. The last year is partial while DEIS consolidates monthly reports.
| Center | Type | Provider type | Enrollees | % brackets A-B |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centro de Salud Familiar San Nicolás | Family Health Center (CESFAM) | Municipal | 11.439 | 65% |
| Posta de Salud Rural Puente Ñuble | Rural Health Post (PSR) | Municipal | 4.122 | 62% |
FONASA brackets A-B ≈ lowest incomes (A: without resources). Source: FONASA, as of Dec 31, 2025, DEIS code.
Indigenous peoplesSource: 2024 Census (INE) · CONADI via IDE SMA
| People | People | % of total |
|---|---|---|
| Mapuche | 671 | 92.2% |
2024 Census: people who consider themselves as belonging to an indigenous people (small counts are suppressed for confidentiality at the source and not shown). Communities: CONADI national registry as of March 2024 — Araucanía and Los Lagos not refreshed in that update, the count is a floor. Land grants: 2022 registry.
2 Local media · ComunitariaSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
2 Local media · ComunitariaSource: SUBTEL · broadcasting licences · Regional Media Survey (MSGG)
| Local media | Type | dial |
|---|---|---|
| CCCentro Cultural los Escogidos · holder | Comunitaria | 107.7 FM |
| CDClub Deportivo Chacay · holder | Comunitaria | 107.3 FM |
The dial (frequency) of every FM, AM and community radio with a studio in the comuna (SUBTEL, active sound broadcasting concessions). National networks appear in their headquarters' comuna, not necessarily where they broadcast. When SUBTEL records no brand name, its holder (the concession holder).
Foreign-born populationSource: 2024 Census · INE
International immigrants per the 2024 Census (people born outside Chile living in the comuna). Nationwide they are 1,608,650 people, 8.8% of the population.
Housing and housing deficitSource: MINVU (Encampment Registry + 2024 Census deficit + subsidies) · INE
Encampments: MINVU National Registry 2024 (irregular settlements and the families living in them). Quantitative deficit: homes missing per the 2024 Census (doubling-up + unrecoverable overcrowding). Permits: new homes authorized by the Works Directorate in 2024 (INE) — measures future construction, not stock. Subsidies: MINVU by application comuna — DS49 accrues beneficiaries by resolution year; DS01 and DS52 accrue payments by application cohort (national totals in the source file differ ~1–6% from the comuna sum; the comuna series is published).
What the homes are like
Housing type: 2017 Census · tenure: 2002 Census (INE).
ResourcesBudget, spending, municipal procurement and more
Benefits under special regimesSource: Laws/SII/BCN/MTT/Treasury · deep-research verified
Fiscal or economic treatments that apply only to this comuna or its zone, not the rest of Chile. The chip color shows who it reaches: municipality, community, residents, companies or workers.
Sobresueldo mensual a funcionarios públicos según aislamiento/costo de vida: 25% del sueldo base (art. 7 DL 249). A los funcionarios municipales llega vía art. 25 del DL 3.551/1980 y el monto se aumenta en 40% (Ley 19.354) — salud primaria municipal (Ley 19.378) la percibe sin ese aumento; asistentes de la educación y personal de corporaciones no la perciben (Código del Trabajo). El %/territorio usa la división de 1974: dentro de una comuna pueden regir % mayores en localidades específicas (retenes, islas, cordillera) no reflejados acá; la CGR resuelve caso a caso. Comunas sin asignación no aparecen.
Budget and revenue sourcesSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Ingreso total y desglose de ingresos propios
Total revenue · trend (2001–2025)
Own revenue breakdown (IPP) · 2025
Special-law revenues · 2025
Distributed by law to specific comunas; they arrive via transfers.
Revenue by sector · 2025
Municipal Common Fund balance · 2025
Evolución por fuente de ingreso
Permanent own revenue (IPP) · trend
FCM received · trend
State transfers · trend
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Municipal spending and budget executionSource: SINIM · SUBDERE
Accrued spending · trend
Distribution by management area · 2025
What the budget is spent on · 2025
| Spending line | Amount | % of spending | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Municipal healthcare (primary care) · comuna health-sector spending | $4.978.461.000 | 59.5% | |
| Municipal personnel · municipal wages and fees | $1.711.557.000 | 20.5% | |
| Goods and services (operations) · supplies, contracts, maintenance | $1.643.532.000 | 19.6% | |
| Investment (works and projects) | $1.121.694.000 | 13.4% | |
| Transfers to health | $575.000.000 | 6.9% | |
| Cleaning, garbage and landfills · waste collection and disposal | $280.940.000 | 3.4% | |
| Electricity (facilities) | $204.532.000 | 2.4% | |
| Transfers to education | $147.997.000 | 1.8% | |
| Councillor stipends | $88.259.000 | 1.1% | |
| Street lighting | $27.539.000 | 0.3% | |
| Water (facilities) | $15.080.000 | 0.2% | |
| Commissions and representation | $6.196.000 | 0.1% | |
| Travel allowances | $3.693.000 | 0.0% |
Share of total accrued spending. Lines overlap (personnel sits inside several areas), so they don't add to 100%. Source: SINIM.
Personal y dotación municipal
Spending composition · 2025
Personnel by contract type · 2025
Municipal headcount · 2023
Municipal staff by contract status (SINIM, 2023). Cost per staffer = annual spending of the type ÷ same-year headcount.
Inversión, servicios básicos y obras
Investment and authorities' expenses · 2025
Basic and general services · 2025
Final works approvals (DOM) · per year
Building permits issued · per year
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Open profile in Monitor Mercado Público ↗
What it buys · Mercado PúblicoSource: ChileCompra · open data
Purchase-order amount · trend
| Top suppliers | Amount | POs |
|---|---|---|
| Ingenieria Maestranza y Montajes Hector Vega Zuniga Ltda. | $4.150.929.441 | 1 |
| Construccion e Ingenieria Ingesep Lta. | $3.448.486.708 | 1 |
| Ingenieria y Construccion Santa Sofia Ltda. | $2.924.568.950 | 2 |
| Constructora Nahen Ltda. | $1.436.791.538 | 2 |
| Blue Mix SpA | $1.426.497.795 | 1.803 |
| Payelec S.A. | $1.264.688.461 | 18 |
| Chavez y Araya Limitada | $1.192.580.976 | 8 |
| Constructora Casaa Ltda. | $1.005.122.866 | 1 |
Purchase mechanism · 2026
| Tender | $1.704.557.677 | 56% |
| Agile Purchase | $939.572.348 | 31% |
| Framework Agreement | $207.381.366 | 7% |
| Direct award discretionary | $169.484.151 | 6% |
Companies and economic activitySource: SII · company statistics and roster (domicile/HQ)
Pyramid by sales bracket
Largest companies domiciled in the comuna
| Company | Line of business | Sales bracket | Workers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tripan S a | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Large 2 | 217 |
| Maquinarias Callaquen SpA | ACTIVIDADES DE SERVICIOS ADMINISTRATIVOS Y DE | Medium 2 | 30 |
| Sociedad Constructora y de Servicios Magfa Limitada | CONSTRUCCION | Medium 1 | 168 |
| Soc Agricola y Forestal Cantaclaro Limitada | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Medium 1 | 81 |
| Constructora los Hualles SpA | CONSTRUCCION | Medium 1 | 74 |
| Vina Errazuriz Dominguez Sociedad Anonima | AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, SILVICULTURA Y PESCA | Medium 1 | 56 |
| Constructora Sierra Alta SpA | CONSTRUCCION | Medium 1 | 53 |
| Aserraderos y Servicios de Cosecha Forestal San Diego SpA | INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA | Medium 1 | 28 |
| Sociedad Maderera Alto Lonquen Limitada | INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA | Medium 1 | 28 |
| Comercial San Sebastián SpA | COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR; REPARAC | Medium 1 | 15 |
SII roster of legal entities (public). Due to tax secrecy sales come in brackets, never amounts. The comuna is that of the domicile/HQ: operations may be elsewhere.
Investment in SEIA projects
| Project | Owner | Status | Investment (US$M) | Constr. jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parque Eólico El SauzalEIA | Inversiones Bosquemar SpA | Under Review | 500 | 850 |
| Construcción de Nuevos Puentes en los Subsectores C y D del Sector 1 -EIA | Sociedad Concesionaria Ruta 5 Talca | Under Review | 29,878 | 474 |
| Regularización Tranque Fundo Panguilemu, Sector Panguilemu, Comuna de DIA | Fundación Emmanuel | Under Review | 0,108 | 17 |
Investment DECLARED by the owner upon entering SEIA (not necessarily materialized; the RCA expires after 5 years without works). Multi-comuna projects: prorated investment, jobs counted in full. Jobs = declared peak labor (source PRISMA/SOFOFA). Source: e-SEIA + PRISMA.
TerritoryClimate, biodiversity, national heritage, SEIA-approved projects and more
Roads and motorwaysSource: OpenStreetMap · 2026 snapshot
Road infrastructure of the MOP and concession holders, not the municipality: it measures how much highway crosses the territory, not municipal management. Only comunas with roads of this category are counted.
Biodiversity and protected areasSource: SNASPE · SEIA baselines
Species of flora, fauna and funga documented in the baselines of the projects evaluated by SEIA in the comuna — what their environmental studies recorded in the territory. Conservation status (RCE/IUCN) and Chilean endemism are flagged.
CR critically endangered · EN endangered · VU vulnerable · NT near threatened (Species Classification Regulation / IUCN). ★ endemic to Chile. Extracted from SEIA studies by kingdom; presence reflects what baselines characterized, not a census.
3 Wetlands · 1 urban · 931 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
3 Wetlands · 1 urban · 931 haSource: National Wetlands Inventory · SIMBIO (MMA)
| Code | Wetland | Hectares |
|---|---|---|
| HUR-16-30 | Sist. Rios Itata- Nuble y Trib.urban | 929 /11.109 |
| HPU-16-03 | Embalse N°2 San Nicolas | 1 |
| HPU-16-02 | Embalse N°1 San Nicolas | 0 |
Area = hectares of wetland within the comuna boundary (apportioned using the DPA table of each record). For wetlands shared between comunas, "portion / total" is shown. "Urban" = urban wetland (HUR code). Official source migrated to the SBAP (Law 21,600).
Large projects approved by SEIASource: SEIA · approved projects
Projects with an environmental permit (RCA) approved by SEIA and declared investment above US$ 10 million, located in the comuna according to the case file and grouped by sector. Every sector with at least one project is listed: this is not a ranking or a selection. 1 project totaling US$ 0 million, approved in 2013. When a project spans several comunas, its investment is split among them.
Approved is not the same as built or operating: the RCA authorises the project, but some were never carried out and others have since closed.
Source: projects with an RCA approved by SEIA (investment declared by the developer, split among the comunas the project spans). Under each sector are its two largest projects by investment. It is the best public proxy for large industrial sites; SERNAGEOMIN’s registry of active mining operations (by mineral and type of operation) is a layer not yet incorporated.
Basic utilitiesSource: SISS · CNE · MINEDUC
Almost no comuna has its own utility: it is served by a major regional concession holder. Water = urban operational territory (SISS; rural goes via APR); electric = concession distributor per the tariff decree (CNE); higher education = university, IP and CFT campuses (MINEDUC/SIES), with the nearest comuna when there are none.
Environmental conflictsSource: SNIFA · SMA + Environmental Search · Environmental Courts
Appeals before the Environmental Courts
| Case no. | Parties / project | Subject | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-39-2020 ↗ 3TA | Asociación ADEEP y Otros con Comisión de Evaluación Ambiental de la Región del Ñuble Ampliación y Traslado de Extracción y Procesamiento de Áridos Río Ñuble en Confluencia con Ríos Chillán y Changaral, al Fundo San Francisco, sector Huape | RCA amendment | Upheld |
Appeals resolved by the Environmental Courts (Law 20.600) on the comuna's projects or facilities, geolocated by the associated project (SEIA) or sanctioned facility (SMA). Partial coverage: Supreme Court appeals and cases without a locatable act are excluded. Source: 1st Environmental Court's Environmental Search.
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2025)
Green areasSource: SINIM · SUBDERE (2025)
Municipally maintained green area per inhabitant (SINIM). The National Urban Development Council recommends a minimum of 10 m²/inhab (WHO, ~9). Self-reported by municipalities, with quality varying across comunas.
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
National heritageSource: National Monuments Council (Feb 2026)
Monuments declared by decree (official CMN roster). Excludes archaeological and public monuments. Declaration entails legal protection and intervention restrictions.
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Territorial burdensSource: SUBDERE (waste, Jun 2023) · Gendarmería (Jun 2025) · SISS (WWTP)
Official registries: they exclude illegal dumps and rural WWTPs (no consolidated public registry).
Forest firesSource: CONAF · Occurrence and damage statistics (2023-2024)
Occurrence and area affected by wildfires (CONAF). The 5-season cumulative gives a fairer picture than a single year: fire is episodic and big catastrophes concentrate in few seasons. The area is comuna-wide, not just urban.
Winter riskSource: SENAPRED · winter critical points 2026 (via FAU U. de Chile)
Points in the comuna where SENAPRED identifies winter-rain risk (channel overflows, flooding, collector collapse, landslides, mudflows, snow), with risk level and the agency responsible for the fix.
Water scarcitySource: DGA · MOP (scarcity-zone decrees)
DGA water-scarcity zone decrees (by comuna, province or region; basin decrees are not counted here, so chronicity is a floor). The decree enables extraordinary water redistribution measures. At the megadrought's peak (2021) 286 comunas were under decree; today 26.
Climate and climate changeSource: ARClim · MMA + CR2/UC (CMIP6 modeling)
Modeled climatology (CMIP6 downscaling ~5 km): present ≈ 1980-2010, projection ≈ 2035-2065 middle scenario. Not recent weather observation.
SafetyCrime, road crashes and municipal security infrastructure
Crimes (police cases)Source: CEAD · Ministry of Public Security
| Crime | Cases | Rate/100k |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol and drug use in public spaces | 194 | 1.554 |
| Threats | 149 | 1.193 |
| Domestic violence | 127 | 1.017 |
| Property damage | 121 | 969 |
| Minor injuries | 49 | 392 |
| Burglary of an inhabited place | 46 | 368 |
| Larceny | 38 | 304 |
| Burglary of an uninhabited place | 32 | 256 |
| Drug-related crimes | 19 | 152 |
| Sexual abuse | 13 | 104 |
| Attempted robbery | 13 | 104 |
| Weapons-related crimes | 12 | 96 |
Showing the 12 crimes with most cases of 28.
Police cases (reports + arrests) recorded by Carabineros and PDI. Not victimization (ENUSC measures the real figure, higher due to underreporting). The rate uses INE 2024 population. Source: CEAD, Ministry of Public Security.
What the municipality does
Municipal security infrastructure and staff declared to SINIM (since 2016). Excludes Carabineros and PDI, which are national.
Road crashesSource: CONASET · Data Observatory (2024)
Crashes georeferenced by CONASET (urban + highway) during 2024. The only per-comuna source; covers ~70% of the country's deaths (non-geolocatable ones are excluded), so it slightly underestimates the total. Pedestrian collision is the leading cause of pedestrian death.